Dangerous Goods Presentation - PDF Flipbook
FIATA DIPLOMA
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Welcome to
FIATA DIPLOMA
Module 12 – Dangerous Goods
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YOUR FACILITATOR:
RHODA KELLNER
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Objectives
On completion of this Module, the learner will be able to:
• Know and understand the most important UN Regulations (Air, Sea,
Road and Rail) for the transport of Dangerous Goods.
• Select and complete the necessary documents for the local and
international
transport of Dangerous Goods via all modes of transport.
• Explain and apply the systems, processes and procedures used to ensure
Safety in the Supply Chain.
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Chapters
• Chapter 1: Role of the parties in the transport chain
• Chapter 2: Dangerous goods regulations
• Chapter 3: Dg Classification
• Chapter 4: Marking and handling of hazardous cargo
• Chapter 5: Training
• Chapter 6: Documentation
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Dangerous goods and the supply-chain
Safety is No Accident
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Dangerous goods and the supply-chain
CONTRACT OF SALE
S GOODS BB
E UU
L SEA YY
L • PACKING EE
E • TRANSPORT RR
R • CONSOLIDATION
• CUSTOMS !!!
• PORT AUTHORITIES
• PORT AUTHORITIES
• CUSTOMS !!!
• DE-CONSOLIDATION
• TRANSPORT
• DOCUMENTATION
COSTS
6
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Dangerous goods and the supply-chain
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Dangerous goods and the supply-chain
Identifying Risk Areas
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Dangerous goods and the supply-chain
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What are Dangerous Goods?
Dangerous goods are substances or
articles that are potentially dangerous
to people, property and the
environment.
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Dangerous goods according to the UN
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What do Dangerous Goods include?
• Explosive;
• Flammable;
• Spontaneously combustible (burst into flames without
being lit);
• Water reactive (produce flammable or toxic gases if mixed
with water);
• Oxidising (help a fire to burn more fiercely);
• Toxic (poisonous); and
• Corrosive
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Examples- household goods
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Purpose of Dangerous Goods legislation
• Reduce the risk transportation of dangerous to the
transporter and other users of the different transport modes,
the general public and the environment through:
• National and international legislation, regulations, standards
and agreements
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UNITED NATIONS
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL INTERNATIONAL
AVIATION ORGANISATION MARITIME
Technical Instructions ORGANISATION
IMDG Code
DGR Merchant Shipping (Maritime
Security) Regulations
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UN Orange Book
• Currently has 193 member states
• UN Main Bodies
• UNESC – UN Economic and Social Council
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UN Orange Book
The UN Orange Book means the UN Recommendations
on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations,
a guidance document developed by the United Nations to
harmonize dangerous goods transport regulations. Most of
dangerous goods regulations such as IMDG Code, IATA
and other national regulations are developed based on the
UN Orange Book
Updated every 2 years – currently on the 21st revised
edition
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by air
Some items may endanger the safety of an aircraft or persons on board it. The air
transportation of these dangerous materials can either be forbidden or restricted.
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by air
• Technical Instructions of the International Civil Aviation
Organisation (ICAO)
• Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA DGR) of the International
Air Transport Association (IATA)
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by air
• IATA Dangerous Goods 20
Regulations (DGR)
manual is the global
reference for shipping
dangerous goods by air
and is the only
standard recognised by
airlines
• A new version is
published every year
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by air
What's inside the DGR?
1. Applicability - (shipper and operator responsibilities, training, security, incident reporting)
2. Limitations - (forbidden and hidden goods, storage and transport quantities, transport by post, transport
by passengers/crew)
3. Classification - (explosives, gases, flammable, toxic, oxidizing, radioactive and corrosive and multiple
hazard material)
4. Identification – List of Dangerous goods (Items not listed by name), mixtures and solutions
5. Packing Instructions - (explosives, gases, flammable, toxic, infectious, oxidizing, radioactive and corrosive
and multiple hazard material)
6. Packaging Specifications - (inner, UN, construction and testing, limited quantity)
7. Marking and Labelling – according to classes
8. Documentation - (shipper’s declaration, air waybill)
9. Handling - (storage, loading, inspection, information provision, reporting, training, document retention)
10. Radioactive material - (transport, limitations, classification, identification, packing, testing, labelling,
documentation, handling)
IATA - Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by air
What's inside the DGR?
The titles of the appendices are:
A. Glossary
B. Nomenclature
C. Currently Assigned Substances
D. List of IATA Member, Associate Member other airlines
E. Competent Authorities
F. Packaging Testing Facilities, Manufacturers and Suppliers
G. Related Services
IATA - Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Sea
The IMDG Code was developed as an international code for the maritime transport of
dangerous goods in packaged form, in order to enhance and harmonize the safe carriage of
dangerous goods and to prevent pollution to the environment. The Code sets out in detail
the requirements applicable to each individual substance, material or article, covering
matters such as packing, container traffic and stowage, with particular reference to the
segregation of incompatible substances.
A new version is published every 2 years
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Sea
• International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMO IMDG
Code) of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
• Several SANS codes are applicable to Dangerous Goods from
the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS), e.g.:
– classification, packaging, transporting and placarding
requirements for vehicles transporting Dangerous Goods
• As of 1992 – IMDG also comprises regulation for the carriage
of harmful substances referred to as Marine Pollutants
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Sea
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Sea
https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/publications/Documents/IMDG%20Code/IM200E%20Flyer.pdf
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road
• UN Publication – ADR 2021
• Agreement concerning the
International Carriage of
Dangerous Goods by Road
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road
• South Africa – SA National
Standards: Transportation of
Dangerous Goods
• 2020 Emergency Response
Guidebook of Southern Africa
• Complies with Southern African
legislative requirements
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Inland
Waterway
• UN Publication – ADN 2021
• Agreement concerning the
International Carriage of
Dangerous Goods by Inland
waterway (Since 2000)
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Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• UN Publication – RID 2021
• Regulation concerning the
International Carriage of Dangerous
Goods by Rail
• OTIF – Organisation for the
International Carriage by Rail –
update the RID
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The need for special treatment
• Laws and regulations on use & handling of hazardous
materials may differ depending on activity & status of
material
• Persons who handle Dangerous Goods must wear protective
equipment
• Persons coming into contact with Dangerous Goods often
subject to monitoring or health surveillance
• companies must comply with Dangerous Goods regulations:
– protecting people’s lives and property
– accidents can cost hundreds of thousands, if not millions
– Some Dangerous Goods cannot be stored together
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The need for special treatment
• Accident:
In terms of the handling,
storage and/ or transport
of dangerous goods, an
accident is defined as an
occurrence which results
in:
fatal or serious injury
to a person; or
major damage to
property or the
environment
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The need for special treatment
Incident:
Any occurrence relating to the handling, storage and/ or
transport of dangerous goods which seriously jeopardises a
person, property or the environment is also deemed to be a
dangerous goods incident.
injury to a person;
damage to property of the environment;
fire;
breakage;
spillage;
leakage of fluid or radiation; or
Other evidence that the integrity of the packaging has not
been maintained.
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How Dangerous Cargo is distinguished from
General Cargo
• Every dangerous substance has a 4 letter UN number
• Every dangerous substance has a proper shipping name
• Every dangerous substance has a class
• Certain Dangerous Goods are assigned packaging groups (PG),
depending on level of danger
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Hidden Dangerous goods
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Hidden Dangerous goods
Aircraft Spare Parts/Aircraft Equipment
May contain explosives (flares or other pyrotechnics), chemical oxygen generators,
unserviceable tyre assemblies, cylinders of compressed gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen or fire extinguishers), paint, adhesives, aerosols, life-saving appliances, first
aid kits, fuel in equipment, wet or lithium batteries, matches, etc.
Breathing Apparatus
May indicate cylinders of compressed air or oxygen, chemical oxygen generators or
refrigerated liquefied oxygen.
Camping Equipment
May contain flammable gases (butane, propane, etc.), flammable liquids (kerosene,
gasoline, etc.), flammable solids (hexamine, matches, etc.) or other dangerous goods.
Unaccompanied Passengers Baggage/ Personal Effects
May contain items meeting any of the criteria for dangerous goods, such as fireworks,
flammable household liquids, corrosive oven or drain cleaners, flammable gas or
liquid lighter refills or camping stove cylinders, matches, bleach, aerosols, etc.
Vaccines
May be packed in Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice).
http://www.hazmatlogistics.co.uk/hidden_dangerous_goods.html
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The consequences of treating Dangerous Goods
as general cargo are explained
• Value Jet flight 592 – 1996 – 110 dead (O2 generator)
• MSC Flaminia – 2012 – 3 dead, crew had to abandon ship
• Tianjin (China) warehouse explosion – 173 people dead (104
FF)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbZYuarPipE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoLDsszp9ZU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2Y-rk_nqDA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNDhIGR-83w
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The consequences of treating Dangerous Goods
as general cargo are explained
Beirut Port explosion. 2020 – 215 deaths – 750 injured – 300 000
people homeless
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Explain Dangerous Goods classification,
packing, labelling and storage requirements
Understand the consequences before we tackle the details
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Person or business shipping the goods - is responsible for
classifying, marking and packaging the Dangerous Goods
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General Requirements for the storage of all Dangerous Goods
The area where Dangerous Goods are stored should be:
• Well ventilated and well lit.
• Separated from ignition sources.
• Secured from the public
• Protected from temperature fluctuations and direct sunlight.
• Shelving/cupboards should:
– Be constructed of chemically resistant materials.
– Provide a lip at the front of the shelf.
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Segregation of Dangerous Goods within a storage area
• When held in the same storage area, Dangerous Goods should
be segregated from other Dangerous Goods or substances
with which they are not compatible.
• Storage of incompatible Dangerous Goods – for example, in
well-separated buildings reduces the possibility that an
incident involving one will affect the other.
• Systems and procedures required to ensure the segregation is
maintained at all times
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Segregation techniques
• Segregation by distance or by the use of inert materials
• Segregation by the use of cut-off/partitioned storage areas
• Segregation by the use of detached storage
• Ensuring that incompatible goods are not stored above one
another.
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Dangerous Goods Compatibility Chart
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Shippers responsibility
Shipper’s Responsibility
The shipper is the key to the transport of dangerous goods. They have the majority
of responsibilities prior to the carriage. In general, the shipper must properly:
Recognise and identify that there are dangerous goods in their shipment
Provide clear information on the nature of the goods, and classify the item into
one of the 9 dangerous goods classes
Package the goods appropriately
Apply the applicable markings, labels and placarding
Complete the required documentation
Ensure that all national and international regulations have been complied with;
and
Ensure their shipment is made safe for transport
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FF responsibility
Freight Forwarder’s Responsibility
FF acting as agent – limited liability - “middle man”:
Select safe ways of transportation and handling of the goods
Advise the shipper on all implications and requirements of the transport of the
goods and verify that the shipper has followed the regulations
Step further:
Proper, safe handling and storage
Proper, safe loading into trucks to transfer the items to the carrier
Inspection of packages every time they are handled, to ensure the package is
intact for transport and handling and has not been compromised during
transportation.
Reporting of any accidents/incidents
Following emergency procedures in the event of an accident/incident
If the freight forwarder further expands his functions by acting as a carrier, he shall
naturally assume many of the carrier’s responsibilities
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Carrier’s responsibility
Carrier’s Responsibility
The carrier makes the final decision whether to accept a shipment for carriage or
not. The carrier has many responsibilities in the transport of dangerous goods.
They are generally responsible for:
Acceptance or verification that the shipment of dangerous goods has been
properly prepared for carriage.
Provision of capable staff and appropriate equipment for transport and
handling of the goods.
Provision of the appropriate marks, labels, placards, signs to the vehicles and
documentation.
Storage, loading and unloading of the shipments.
Inspection of the shipment during handling, for any leaks or damages.
Reporting of any accidents/incidents, and corresponding emergency
procedures.
Training of all employees that may come into contact with dangerous goods.
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Hazardous Substance Labels
The numerical
order of the
classes and
divisions is not
that of the
degree of danger
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Example from the IATA DGR book
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Hazardous Substance Class Definitions
Class 1 – Explosives
Class 2 – Gases; compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure
Class 3 – Flammable liquids
Class 4 – Flammable solids; Substances liable to spontaneous
Class 5 combustion; Substances which, in contact with water, emit
Class 6 flammable gases
Class 7 – Oxidizing substances (agents) and organic peroxides
Class 8 – Toxic and infectious substances
Class 9 – Radioactive materials
– Corrosives
– Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles Non-
classified materials
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