Logical Reasoning Test - 3 - PDF Flipbook

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GATE
CSE

Logical
Reasoning

Test-03Solutions

LOGICAL REASONING
1. C, E, H, L, Q?

a) R
b) W
c) U
d) X
Answer: (a)
Solution:
There is an increasing trend in the gaps of various letters in the
series, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc. So Q + 5 = W
2. In certain code language 'OMNIPRESENT' is written as
'QJONPTSMDRD'. How is 'CREDIBILITY' written in that
code?
a) JEFSDCXSHKH
b) JEFSDDXSHKH
c) DSFEJDDXSHKH
d) JEFSDXDSHKH
Answer: (b)
Solution:
Split the word OMNIPRESENT in the parts OMNIP, R and
ESENT. Reverse order of the letters of the first part. It comes
PINMO. Now write each letter of part one place forward. i.e.,
PINMO becomes QJONP. R becomes T. Again, arrange the
order of the letters of the third i.e., ESENT becomes TNESE.
Now write letter one place backward, i.e., TNESE becomes

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SMDRD. Hence OMNIPRESENT is as QJONPTSMDRD.
Similarly, CREDIBILITY will be written as JEFSDDXSHKH.
3. Eight persons through W, are sitting around an octagonal table,
according to the following conditions.
A. P is sitting to the right of U.
B. T is adjacent to S and P.
C. Q is sitting to the right of W.
D. V is sitting opposite P and Q is sitting opposite S.
Which of the following is true?
a) P is sitting adjacent U and W.
b) U is sitting adjacent of R
c) R is sitting between S and V.
d) Either U or R is sitting opposite T.
Answer: (c)
Solution:
S is sitting opposite Q and Q is sitting the right of W.

T is sitting adjacent to S and P. So, T is in between S and P. P is
the sitting to the right of U.

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V is sitting opposite to P. So, the final arrangement is as
follows.

So, R is sitting between V and S is true.
4. How is my mother's mother's only son-in-law's sister related to

me?
a) Mother-in-law
b) Sister
c) Aunt
d) Mother
Answer: (c)
Solution:
My mother's mother's only son-in-law is my father. My father's
sister is my aunt.
5. One of the legacies of the Roman legions was discipline. In the
legions, military law prevailed and discipline was brutal.
Discipline on the battlefield kept units obedient, intact and
fighting, even when the odds and conditions were against them.
Which one of the following statements best sums up the
meaning of the above passage?
a) Thorough regimentation was the main reason for the

efficiency of the Roman legions even in adverse
circumstances.

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b) The legions were treated inhumanly as if the men were
animals.

c) Discipline was the armies' inheritance from their seniors.
d) The harsh discipline to which the legions were subjected to

led to the odds and conditions being against them.
Answer: (a)
Solution:
The question is about sum up. In sum up questions we have to
make sure that all the points mentioned in the paragraph should
be reflected in the answer choice.
(a) This is the right choice.
(b) This is irrelevant as there is no mention of in human

treatment.
(c) This is general statement, not reflecting the given points in

the paragraph.
(d) The interpretation of the sentence is completely opposite to

the given paragraph.
6. Direction: Two statements I and II are given. These statements

may be either independent causes or may be effects of
independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements
may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the
statements and decide which of the following answer choice
correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark answer:

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I. The private medical colleges have increased the tuition fees
in the current year by 200 per cent over the last year's fees
to meet the expenses.

II. The Government medical colleges have not increased their
fees in spite of price escalation.

a) Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
b) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
c) Both the statements I and II are independent causes
d) Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes
Answer: (c)
Solution:
The increase in the fees of the private colleges and there being
no increase in the same in Government colleges seem to be
policy matters undertaken by the individual decisive boards at
the two levels.
7. Statements: K @ T, $ = K, T – R
Conclusions:
I. S @ R
II. T = R
a) Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
b) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
c) Both the statements I and II are independent causes
d) Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes
Answer: (d)

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Solution:
K > T (i); S = K (ii); T Š R (iii)
Neither nor follows

8. Which of the following assertions are CORRECT?
P: Adding 7 to each entry in a list adds 7 to the mean of the list
Q: Adding 7 to each entry in a list adds 7 to the standard
deviation of the list
R: Doubling each entry in a list doubles the mean of the list
S: Doubling each entry in a list leaves the standard deviation of
the list unchanged
a) P, Q
b) Q, R
c) P, R
d) R, S
Answer: (c)
Solution:
P: Is correct, by adding any constant value to each term of the
sequence, the mean increases to the same extent.
Q: Is incorrect, by adding any constant value to each term of the
sequence do not change the standard deviation
R: Is correct, doubling each entry in a list of doubles the mean
of the list.
S: Is incorrect,
∴ P and R assertions are correct

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9. In a certain code, RIPPLE is written as 613382 and LIFE is
written as 8192. How is PILLER written in that code?
a) 318826
b) 318286
c) 618826
d) 338816
Answer: (a)
Solution:
The alphabets are coded as shown:
RI P LEF
613829
So, in PILLER,
P is coded as 3,
I as 1,
L as 8,
E as 2 and
R as 6
Thus, the code for PILLER is 318826.

10. Two positions of a cube are shown below. When the number 4
will be at the bottom, then which number will be at the top?

a) 3
b) 5

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c) 6
d) Cannot be determined
Answer: (a)
Solution:
Number 1 is common to both the positions of the dice. We
assume the dice in fig. (ii) to be rotated so that 1 remains on the
RHS face (i.e. face II as per activity 1) and the numbers 5 and 3
move to the faces hidden behind 2 and 4 respectively (in fig. (i).
Then, clearly 3 lies opposite 4. Hence, when 4 is at the bottom
then 3 mist lie on the top.
11. Given the sequence of terms, AD CG FK JP, the next term is
a) OV
b) OW
c) PV
d) PW
Answer: (a)
Solution:
Sequence of terms AD, CG, FK, JP the next term?

12. Hemanth ranks tenth in a class. How many students are there
in the class?
I. His friend got 58th rank which is the last.
II. Hemanth's rank from the last is 49th.

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a) If the data in statement I alone are sufficient to answer the
question;

b) If the data in statement II alone are sufficient answer the
question;

c) If the data either in I or II alone are sufficient to answer the
question;

d) If the data even in both the statements together are not
sufficient to answer the question;

Answer: (c)
Solution:
I reveal that 58th is the last rank in the class. This means that
there are 58 students in the class. So, I alone is sufficient.
Also, from II, we find that Hemanth's rank in the class is 10th
from the top and 49th from the last. So, there are (10 + 49 – 1) =
58 students in the class.
Thus, II alone is also sufficient.
13. A, B, C and D playing cards. A and B are partners. D faces
towards North. If A faces towards West, then who faces towards
South?
a) B
b) C
c) D
d) Data inadequate
Answer: (b)

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Solution:
As per the data, D faces North. A faces towards West. So, its
partner B will face towards and hence towards East. So, C who
will face D will face towards South

14. EA, IE, OK, SO, YU, __
a) WX
b) WB
c) YD
d) CY
Answer: (d)
Solution:
The given series is a mixed series. Pattern for the first letters:
E+4, I+6, O+4, S+6, Y+4, C
Pattern for the second letters:
A+4, E+6, K+4, O+6, U+4, Y
Hence, the next pair in series is CY.

15. Following table provides figures (in rupees) on annual
expenditure of a firm for two years 2010 and 2011.

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Category 2010 2011

Raw Material 5200 6240

Power & Fuel 7000 9450

Salary & Wages 9000 12600

Plant & Machinery 20000 25000

Advertising 15000 19500

Research & Development 22000 26400

In 2011, which of the following two categories have registered

by same percentage?

a) Raw material and Salary & wages

b) Salary & wages and Advertising

c) Power & fuel and Advertising

d) Raw material and Research & Development

Answer: (d)

Solution:

Years Increment % of

2010 2011 increment

Raw Material 5200 6240 1040 1040 × 100 − 20%
5200

Power & Fuel 7000 9450 2450 2450 × 100 − 35%
7000

Salary & Wages 9000 12600 3600 3600 × 100 − 40%
9000

Plant & Machinery 20000 25000 5000 5000 × 100 − 25%
20000

Advertising 15000 19500 4500 4500 × 100 − 30%
15000

Research & 22000 26400 4400 4400 × 100 − 20%
Development 22000

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Raw material and research and development are increased by
same percentage in year 2010-2011
16. If I talk to my best friend, then I didn’t need to take a pill for
headache:
A. I talked to my best friend
B. I did not need to take a pill for headache
C. I needed to take a pill for headache
D. I did not talk to my best friend.
Answer choices
a) AB
b) DC
c) CD
d) AB and CD
Answer: (d)
17. Should judiciary be independent of the executive?
Arguments:
1. Yes. This would help curb the unlawful activities of the
executive
2. No. The executive would not be able to take bold measures
a) Only 1 is true
b) Only 2 is true
c) Either 1 or 2 is true
d) Neither 1 nor 2 is true
Answer: (a)

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Solution:
Clearly, independent judiciary is necessary for impartial
judgements so that the executive doesn’t take wrong measures.
So only argument 1 holds.
18. Find the odd one in the following group: ALRVX, EPY ZB,
TT ZDF, OYEIK
a) ALRVX
b) EPVZB
c) ITZDF
d) OYEIK
Answer: (d)
Solution:

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19. People speculate when they consider a situation and assume
something to be true based on inconclusive evidence. Which
situation below is the best example of Speculation?
a) Francine decides that it would be appropriate to wear jeans to
her new office on Friday after reading about “Casual Fridays”
in her employee handbook.
b) Mary spends thirty minutes sitting in traffic and wishes that
she took the train instead of driving.
c) After consulting several guidebooks and her travel agent,
Jennifer feels confident that the hotel she has chosen is first-
rate.
d) When Emily opens the door in tears, Theo guesses that she’s
had a death in her family.
Answer: (d)
Solution:
This is the only situation in which someone makes an
assumption that is not based on conclusive evidence. Choices a
and c reflect situations in which assumptions are made based on
evidence. In choice b, Mary is not assuming anything to be true.
She is simply wishing that she’d made a different decision.

20. 7 : 18 :: 12 : __
a) 26
b) 28
c) 32
d) 37

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Answer: (b)

Solution:

7 × 2 + 4 = 18 :: 12 × 2 + 4 = __

12 × 2 + 4 = 28.

21. Anuj, Bhola, Chandan, Dilip, Eswar and Faisal live on

different floors in a six-storeyed building (the ground floor is

numbered 1, the floor above is 2, and so on). Anuj lives on an

even-numbered floor. Bhola does not live on an odd numbered

floor. Chandan does not live on any of the floors below Faisal's

floor. Dilip does not live on floor number 2. Eswar does not live

on a floor immediately above or immediately below Bhola.

Faisal lives three floors above Dilip. Which of the following

floor-person combinations is correct?

Anuj Bhola Chandan Dilip Eswar Faisal

(a) 6 2 5 134

(b) 2 6 5 134

(c) 4 2 6 315

(d) 2 4 6 135

Answer: (b)

Solution:

Eswar does not live on a floor immediately above or

immediately below Bhola.

Based on the above statement we can eliminate options A, C, D

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22. 1 10 7 20 13 30 19
a) 26 40
b) 29 36
c) 40 25
d) 25 31
Answer: (c)
Solution:
Here, every other number follows a different pattern. In the first
series, 6 is added to each number to arrive at the next. In the
second series, 10 is added to each number to arrive at the next.

23. 10, 25, 45, 54, 60, 75, 80 Find the odd man out.
a) 10
b) 45
c) 54
d) 75
Answer: (c)
Solution: Each of the numbers except 54 is multiple of 5.

24. Directions: Each of the following question consists of a
statement followed by two arguments I and II. You have to
decide which of the arguments is a STRONG argument is and
which is a WEAK Argument is.
Statement: Should foreign films be banned in India?
Arguments:
I. Yes. They depict an alien culture which adversely affects our
values.

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II. No. Foreign films are of a high artistic standard.
a) Only argument I is strong.
b) Only Argument II is strong.
c) Either I or II is strong.
d) Neither I nor II is strong.
Answer: (d)
Solution:
Clearly, foreign films depict the alien culture but this only helps
in learning more. So, argument I does not hold. Also, the reason
stated in argument II is not strong enough in contradicting the
ban. So, it also does not hold.
25. The monthly rainfall chart based on 50 years of rainfall in
Agra is shown in the following figure. Which of the following
are true? (k percentile is the value such that k percent of the data
fall below that value)

1. On average, it rains more in July than in December
2. Every year, the amount of rainfall in August is more than that

in January

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3. July rainfall can be estimated with better confidence than
February rainfall

4. In August, there is at least 500mm of rainfall
a) (i) and (ii)
b) (i) and (iii)
c) (ii) and (iii)
d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer: (b)
26. Conclusions:
Some mugs are plates
At least some trays are cups
Statements:
1: Some cups are trays. Some trays are plates. Some plates are
mugs
2: Some cups are plates. Some plates are trays. Some trays are
mugs
3: All cups are trays. Some trays are plates. No plate is mug
4: All cups are trays. All trays are plates. No plates is mug
5: Some cups are trays. Some trays are plates. No plate is mug
a) Only Statements - 1
b) Only Statements - 2
c) Only Statements - 3
d) Only Statements - 4
Answer: (a)

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27. Conclusions:
Some grapes can be lemon
Some Oranges can be banana
Statements:
1: Some Apples are Oranges. Some Oranges are grapes. No
grapes is banana. All bananas are lemons
2: Some Apples are Oranges. Some Oranges are grapes. No
grapes is lemon. No orange is banana.
3: Some Apples are Oranges. Some Oranges are grapes. No
grapes is lemon. All bananas are lemons.
4: Some Apples are Oranges. Some Oranges are grapes. No
Orange is banana. All bananas are lemons
5: Some Apples are Oranges. Some Oranges are grapes. No
Orange is banana. No banana is lemon
a) Only Statements - 1
b) Only Statements - 2
c) Only Statements - 3
d) Only Statements – 4
Answer: (a)
Solution

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28. In a class of 50 students M is eighth from top. H is 20th from
bottom. How many students are there between M and H?
a) 22
b) 23
c) 24
d) Can’t be determined
Answer: (a)
Solution:
M is 8th from the top.
H is (50 – 20 + 1 =) 31st from the top.
Number of students between M and H = 31 – 8 – 1 = 22

29. In a group of four children, som is younger to Riaz. Shiv is
elder to Ansu. Ansu is youngest in the group. Which of the
following statements is/are required to find the eldest child in
the group?
Statements
1. Shiv is younger to Riaz.
2. Shiv is elder to Som
a) Statement 1 by itself determines the eldest child.
b) Statement 2 by itself determines the eldest child.
c) Statements 1 and 2 are both required to determine the eldest
child.
d) Statements 1 and 2 are not sufficient to determine the eldest
child.
Answer: (a)

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Solution:
From the given data, the comparison between person to person
in a group as follows.
Riaz Shiv
Som Ansu
Ansu is the youngest in the group so finding eldest in the group,
the comparison between som and shiv is required. It is found in
statement 1.
30. Which one of the following Venn diagrams correctly illustrates
the relationship among the classes?
Rohtak, Haryana, Punjab
a)

b)

c)

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d)
Answer: (d)
Solution:
Rohtak is a part of Haryana. Punjab is a separate state.

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