BQS554_GROUP 3_AP224 4K - PDF Flipbook

202 Views
1 Downloads
PDF 2,993,043 Bytes

Download as PDF

REPORT DMCA

---

MULTI-SMART OFFICE BUILDING Written by

ASIAH NAJIHA BINTI AZIZY 2021832746 NADHIRAH BINTI SULAIMAN 2021483378 NUR AIN NAZSHA BINTI ZAINUDDIN 2021832652 NURUL AZIZAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID 2021886782

AP 224 4K Presented for

MADAM NAQIYATUL AMIRAH

BQS 554 Building Services II

t n e t n Co

TABLE of

Introduction

1

Fire Protection System

2-8

Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)

9-13

Electrical System

14-17

Mechanical Handling System

18-25

Special Service Installation

26-31

Conclusion

32

References

33-34

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

INTRODUCTION Multi-storey smart building system are to be predicted in height of 7 storey of building. This smart building is functioned purposely as the office for employers and staff workers. The proposed system that relevant and installed in this smart building can be categorized as 5 types of building services system that fulfil the requirement and facilities to the end users of the building. The 5-building services system can be listed down as below:

1. Fire Protection System A fire protection system that is correctly designed, built, operated, and maintained may minimize the losses associated with an undesired fire in any facility or building. Property and, more significantly, human lives have been lost. The fundamental motive for fire alarm system requirements in building and fire regulations is to provide early notice to building occupants so they may evacuate, as well as to inform the fire department so it can respond to the fire.

2. Heat, Ventilation and Air Conditioning A heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is intended to meet the environmental needs of occupant comfort and a process. HVAC systems are increasingly employed in a variety of buildings, including industrial, commercial, residential, and institutional structures. The primary objective of an HVAC system is to provide thermal comfort to building occupants by modifying and altering external air temperatures to the desired settings.

3. Electrical system Within the context of a building, an electrical system is a network of conductors and equipment designed to safely carry, distribute, and convert electrical power from the point of delivery or generation to the various loads that consume the electrical energy.

4. Mechanical handling system Mechanical handling systems are pieces of equipment that control product storage and transportation. They are required in order to provide a reliable and constant product delivery service.

5. Special services installation It is consist of special services that required professional installment such as building security and access control system.

1

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

INTRODUCTION Fire protection system defined as an inhabiting the growth and spread of a fire and Its effects through the built environment. The system also works in different ways all have a common goal to detect a fire and protect the building. Therefore, the main purpose of the system is to control the fire. extinguish the fire and provide exposure protection to avoid chain reaction A fire fighting system is essential in every building including house due to its capabilities of fighting and putting against the threat in the event of o fire in the building itself and for this case inside the multi-storey smart home that we proposed for this house. In construction industry, fire fighting system refers to preventing reducing or mitigating the occurrence development and spread of fire and its consequences across the built environment fire fighting system can be categorized into 2 classification of the service which is *active" and passive" type of the fire fighting system but however both of them act us the tools of protection to protect the building occupant from any means of necessary during the event of fire breakout in the proposed building It is also necessary to understand what the fire and its causes in order to give a better understanding and readability towards the fire fighting system in general. What we proposed for our multi-storey smart home is smart smoke detectors.

2

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

The services of fire fighting system can be categorized into 2 different different classification of the service which is the *Active and Passive" type of the fire fighting system but however both of them act as the tools of protection to protect the building occupant from any means of necessary during the event of a fire breakout in the proposed building. It is necessary to understand what the fire and its causes in order to give better understanding towards the fire fighting in general. An active fire protection system can defined as a method that requires action or motion to help it prevent the spread of fire efficiently. Smart smoke detectors is one of example of "Active* fire protection. It is a method to preventing fire from spreading through use of fire prevention equipment. There are many types of fire prevention equipment which are active fire fighting system for example like fire suppression system such as fire extinguisher and water sprinklers. We don't choose this because its not suitable to installed in smart home Lastly, active protection system are only activated in the case of a fire in other words ,active fire fighting systems application must be turned on, either by manually or automatically in order for this system to function.

3

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

APPLICATIONS Smart smoke detector are the one essential appliance in every home should installed because it will alert you when something is wrong no matter where you are. It is a hybrid devices that detect smoke and heat as well carbon monoxide, scantly gas produced from any combustion It can connected that things to our smartphone. So they can send notification via smartphone app. Next, in addition to smoke notification ,it also can send a low battery warnings long before they run out so that's mean we will never hear the annoying middle of the night chirps again .It also allow us to silence the alarm while using the apps when we have burned dinner rather than having to swing around a broom and hope for lucky shot. The brand that we have choose is NEST ABOVE (google nest protect smoke alarm. The reason is it has a wireless Interconnect feature. That's mean if one device is triggered, the other Protects that we installed will send an alert as well which is crucial if we don't have wired smoke alarms and the Protects early warning voice alert.

After that. the Protect's will tell us precisely where the danger is and this smoke detector regularly test itself so we don't need to do monthly testing of all unit in our house, as we are all advised to do . There are many feature in the apps which is "Apps Silence" that we can installed it from Playstore or Applestore All about this thing we can control in this applications such as turn off the alarm, read battery percentage and others.

4

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

INSTALLATION PROCESS Battery-powered smart smoke detectors are the easiest to Install rather than installing the hard wired smart detector because need to hire someone with certified electrical who are know how to ensure correct installation. For our type that we choose is wireless, so don't need hire someone because we can instilled it by ourselves. It is easiest to install ,as we can mount them on any wall or ceiling . There are no more worrying about wiring alarms in .It is simply install the wireless smart smoke alarm on the ceiling ,download aps and its ready to protect home from fires. We can place each alarm in a flat stretch of wall or celling .roughly in the center of the room. For wall placed devices , make sure that the detectors are about 12 inches or fewer from the ceiling . Don't forget test it Immediately after smoke detector Installation to ensuring that every person can easily recognize sound of the alarm

There are 3 steps to install Nest Protect

1. Screw the Nest back plate

2. Attach the Nest Protect,

to the ceiling wall with the

hold it against that back

screws that came

plate and turn clockwise until

with your Nest Protect.

It grips. 3. Last, test it with press the button on your Nest Protect twice to test 5

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

PROS When a fire breaks out, the smoke kills more people than the flames. Furthermore, our sense of smell does not work while asleep, making it difficult to detect a fire. Smoke detectors, on the other hand, are engineered to quickly and accurately detect smoke particles. At the very least, you may be required by law to have a smoke detector in your home. Having one in your home could make the difference between life and death, regardless of whether it is required or not There are few benefits of nest protect smoke detector. Firstly. It is effortless to Install. There are no more worrying about wiring alarms in and it is simply to install the wireless smart smoke alarm on the ceiling ,download the apps in smartphone and its ready to protect our home from fires. Next, it is Ten year battery life. Sometimes ,when the smoke detector low battery It will produce annoying low battery alert. But nowadays they have good technology. There are full 10 year Lifetime battery So, don't need to change every month. After that, it is Automatic Self check Smart smoke detector constantly monitors it own battery, smoke detection sensor and wi-fi connection and it will sends to us an immediate warning through smartphone if an issue arises Furthermore, It will send an alert to our smartphone when senses danger It also use voice alert as wheel as a siren which is proven to be more effective especially for children. It also tell us which room the danger is in but make sure you already setting it in application in your smartphone

6

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

CHALLENGES Actually there are only few problems with this smoke detector. We must study or learn where to installed it to make sure It works 100%, If installed in wrong place the smoke detector is useless. So always refer the expert before Install It. There are no problem in Install It because it very easy to install but problem with the place to install it. There are many types of smart smoke detectors sells in market worldwide. There are different feature or quality every each of them, for example the battery life Sometimes It can last 1 or 3 month, it still good rather than change every week which is make us doing many works to maintenance. There are fake one in market, so before buy it ,make sure you buy the original to get full satisfaction. Smoke detector are also sensitive to particle in the air that are released by strong smelling chemicals If you re remodeling your home, deep cleaning or using strong chemicals for another reason, this may be a cause of false alarm. Lastly, we can see the chamber entrance where smoke can enter and they are Just big enough to fit small Insect Once Inside Insect can set off the alarm by interfering with the sensors and need to open up our smoke detector to see If there's a pesky nuisance crawling around inside. A buildup of dust also can affect the smoke alarm for this reason, expert recommend to cleaning smoke detector with a vacuum brush attachment at least once a year.

7

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

SPACE IMPLICATIONS An assortment of complementary gadgets could help you avoid fires and save you from even more serious damage by alerting you earlier in the event of on emergency. Smart smoke detectors, on the other hand, can alert you and the fire department even if you're miles away from your home, so that everyone can get out of harm's way in the event of on emergency. There are many reasons we need to study before install in some place , one of the reasons la to make sure sure if works 100% , If installed in wrong place the smoke detector is useless and wasting. So where should we put the smoke detectors 7 we install this detector is in each floor of our home. Every level of home should have at least one smoke detector for bedrooms on the top floor keep a fire scope ladder handy so everyone at upstairs can get out safely should a fire strike To optimally reduce the risk of fire, we Installed it correctly. Fire safety experts recommend for placing detectors in the middle of the room with minimum distance 50cm from the nearest wall .It is vital that the smoke slots on the device outer shell are not covered. Smoke always rises on top so this ensures reliable and quick detection. Next is Install in every bedroom because if fire starts in a bedroom while our family is sleeping, we'll want the alarm to wake you up. We also installing a smoke detector outside or in of every bedroom including the hallways connecting the rooms. After that we also install it on stairways the stairs may be the fastest way out of home during a fire. Placing a smoke alarm on the staircase can also alert ether family members upstairs or downstairs it danger strike Moreover, installing smoke detectors properly in the kitchen and bathroom because there are high percentage where fire start to spread because in kitchen there has a gas stove, over, toaster and others. So that's is good idea to us where we install smoke detectors

8

HEAT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

HVAC system selection

HEAT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

The building layout, climate circumstances, and owner desire all play a role in system selection. The design engineer is responsible for examining numerous systems and suggesting more than one solution to accomplish the aim and please the building's owner. Climate change (e.g., temperature, humidity, and space pressure), building capacity, spatial needs, cost (capital cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost), life cycle analysis, and dependability and adaptability are some variables that might be evaluated.

Type of HVAC selected and its function This multi-storey smart building selected central HVAC systems as the main heat, ventilation and air conditioning system in this building services. The central HVAC system can be categorized to 5 major central HVAC system. Nevertheless of 5 types of central HVAC system available, this building uses the All-Air Systems. Air serves as the thermal energy transfer medium in building delivery systems. All-air systems are categorized as single zone and multizone systems, as well as constant air volume and variable air volume airflow rates for each zone, terminal reheat, and dual duct. The multi split HVAC system also known as multi zone HVAC system, is where Individual supply air ducts are provided for each zone in a multi-zone all-air system. At the air handling unit, cold air and hot (or return) air are mixed to meet the thermal requirements of each zone. The main function of multi split HVAC system is it allows you to link up to five interior units to a single outdoor unit. Installs a full air conditioning system with no ducting to several zone interior areas. Individual control over room temperature settings.

Principle of Multi Split system A multi-split air conditioner features a single condenser that is bigger (in both physical dimension and cooling capacity) than a split air conditioner's condenser. The intelligent control board in the multi-split condenser receives and sends signals from and to each of its evaporators. The multi-split condenser can communicate with and regulate all of the evaporators it is connected to. The multi-split air conditioner's condenser distributes refrigerant to each of its evaporators based on the signals provided by the evaporators. The multi-split air conditioner can run with only one of its evaporators switched on.

Applications of Multi Split System A multi-zone all-air system comprises of an air handling unit with parallel flow channels through cooling and heating coils and dampers for internal mixing, because of practical constraints on duct connections and damper size, it is advised that one multi-zone service a maximum of 12 zones. The primary drawback is that numerous supply air ducts are required to serve multiple zones. A single outdoor unit can operate numerous inside units, split type systems can provide even cooling throughout your home, whereas a single window unit can only chill one room. This also means that split-type air conditioners can save money on bigger house conditioning projects.

9

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

The position of Multi Split System

HEAT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

A zone's conditioned air cannot be combined with that of other zones, thus all multiple zones with differing temperature requirements require separate supply ducts. Additional air handlers may be utilized if more zones are necessary. When it comes to picking a site for your split system air conditioner, there are a few easy criteria to follow. Among them are: 1. Install it where it's most required. 2. Select a central place in the space and put it high on the wall (over 2metres). 3. Allow at least 15 cm surrounding the unit.

Benefits of Multi Split System 1. Energy efficiency The multi-zone system has the benefit of effectively conditioning various zones without the energy waste associated with a terminal reheat system. Energy-saving settings, together with the option to heat or cool specific rooms, contribute to lower power and operating expenses. Choosing the appropriate indoor air outlet device for each room also guarantees that you are not wasting energy. When the improper unit is installed in a room, the air will not be appropriately chilled, resulting in energy waste. A unit that is too large for a smaller space consumes more electricity each time it is turned on than a smaller one operating for a longer amount of time. 2. Flexibility and convenience Multi split system air conditioners provide unparalleled versatility and convenience, allowing you to select the appropriate indoor unit for any room of your home. You may install a large capacity air conditioner for larger living rooms and smaller, quieter ones for bedrooms, all driven by a single outside unit. This allows you to regulate the temperature and atmosphere in your house on a room-by-room basis. 3. Independent control By having the flexibility to independently change the temperatures in each area, you may save money while also improving comfort by heating or cooling particular rooms. Up to five independent interior air outlets can be controlled by a wireless remote and driven by a single outside compressor. 4. Quiet The most noticeable advantage of split type units is that they operate considerably more quietly. Because window units are all-in-one, the compressor component is housed in your home, which creates a lot of buzzing and rattling. The compressor is situated outdoors in a split system, so you will hear nothing. 10

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

HEAT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

Problems of Multi Split System 1. Bulky Because the outdoor units are large and might be unsightly, they should be installed away from bedrooms, outdoor gathering spaces, and your neighbors. You may need more than one exterior unit depending on the size and style of your property. 2. Interconnection can create problems if the air con fails If something goes wrong with the outside unit, it will damage all interior air outlets that are linked to it. This implies that if your exterior compressor fails in the middle of summer, you will be unable to cool your home until it is repaired. 3. Restrictions on placement Outdoor air compressors should be situated as near to the interior air output units as practicable. Furthermore, the installation of interior air outlet devices necessitates a significant quantity of open wall space. 4. Multi split air conditioner power consumption A multi split air conditioner often consumes more energy than a single split air conditioner, thus it is critical to carefully select the capacity for each split air conditioner to maintain energy efficiency.

Figure 3 shows a component of multi split HVAC system and the diagram on distribution of multi split HVAC

11

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

HEAT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

Installation of Multi Split System a. Setting up the Indoor Unit 1.Select an unobstructed location on your interior wall to mount the indoor unit Make sure the location you select allows you to drill a hole through the wall to feed the pipes from the indoor unit to the outside unit. For optimal results, choose a location away from direct sunshine and heat sources. Install the unit 7 feet (2.1 m) from the ground and provide at least 6–12 inches (15–30 cm) of free space on all sides to allow for optimal airflow. 2.Secure the mounting plate to the interior wall Place the mounting plate against the wall where you wish to attach the indoor unit. Use a level to ensure that it is both horizontally and vertically level. Mark the positions of the screw holes with a pencil, then remove the plate and drill a hole into the wall for each screw. 3.Drill a 3 in (7.6 cm) hole through the wall so you can feed the pipes outside Make a mark in the center of the mounting plate's hole. Create a circular 3 in (7.6 cm) aperture in the wall with a keyhole saw or a drill with a hole-cutting attachment that slopes slightly downward toward the ground to guarantee proper drainage. 4.Check the electrical connections on the indoor unit Remove the cover from the A/C unit's front panel. Check that the cable wires are connected to the screw terminals and that the wiring corresponds to the schematic included with the unit. 5.Run the pipes and cables through the hole in the wall, then connect them to the unit Using electrical tape, connect the provided copper pipes, power cable, and drain pipe. To ensure a free flow of water, place the drain pipe at the bottom. Pass the pipes and cable through the wall hole, then fasten them to the correct positions on the interior unit as specified in the instruction manual. 6.Secure the indoor unit to the mounting plate. Simply line the female connections on the rear of the air conditioner with the male connections on the mounting plate and press firmly to hold the unit in place. Make sure the device is tilted back 2-3 degrees so that water may escape from the drain pipe.

12

SMART OFFICE BUILDING b. Installing the Outdoor Condenser

HEAT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

1.Position the outdoor unit away from any heavily trafficked, dusty, or hot areas. Locate the hole you drilled in the interior unit's mounting plate and locate the external unit within 50 feet (15 m) so that the pipe and cable may be readily attached. To guarantee proper operation, choose a position with at least 12 inches (30 cm) of space around its circumference. To keep your unit running at its optimum, choose a shaded area that is protected from the wind, dust, and traffic. 2.Lay a concrete pad on the ground Place the outside unit away from the ground because it is hefty and can shift around on soil or pebbles. The condenser must be installed on a concrete pad, which is available at home improvement stores. Place the pad where you want the unit to go and use a level to ensure its flat and even. 3.Secure the outdoor unit on top of the concrete pad. To reduce vibration, place a rubber cushion on top of the pad before placing the outside condenser unit on top of it. Anchor bolts should be used to secure the device to the concrete. 4.Check the electrical wiring in the outdoor unit. Remove the condenser's lid. Refer to the wiring diagram in the instruction manual for the equipment to ensure that the wires are connected correctly. Make any required modifications. 5.Connect the piping and cable to the outdoor unit As directed in the instruction manual, use flare nuts to fasten the two copper pipes connecting the interior and outdoor units. Connect the power wire that connects the interior and outdoor units. c. Completing the Project 1. Bleed the air and humidity from the refrigerant circuit. Connect a vacuum pump hose to the service port after removing the caps from the 2-way and 3-way valves and the service port. Turn on the vacuum until an absolute vacuum of 10mm Hg is reached. Turn off the suction by closing the low-pressure knob. 2. Affix the piping to the wall with clamp Attach the pipes and wires to the external wall of your property using the clamps included with the package to prevent them from moving or becoming detached. To ensure that the clamps are properly spaced, follow the instructions in the handbook. 3. Seal up the hole in the wall using expanding polyurethane foam. Spray expanding polyurethane foam into the hole you bore in the wall to feed the cable and pipework. Make certain that the opening is thoroughly sealed to prevent hot air or insects from entering. 4. Turn on the unit and enjoy the cool air All that remains is to turn on the A/C, which can be done from the inside unit. Cool air should begin to waft into your home after a minute or two. 13

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEM (EMIS) EMIS IS A DIVERSE GROUP OF SOFTWARE TOOLS THAT TRACK, ANALYZE AND CONTROL BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

APPLICATION EMIS applications consist of all high - level analysis tools that rely on collected building performance data in the historian. Examples include dashboards, benchmarking and reporting software and FDD tolls. Applications query historical data from the historian and may also read real-time data directly from the integration components. Many applications are shown in the capabilities section of this documents.

For a Multi-storey smart building, EMIS tools offer significant prospects for energy savings and enhanced operational performance. The technologies have the ability to modify energy management best practices by giving building owners and operators well organized building performance and energy consumption data, enabling a variety of analytic capabilities. These technologies include energy-efficient and energy-saving information technologies, energy management systems, fault detections and diagnostic systems, benchmarking and utility bill tracking tools, automated system optimization tools and building automation systems. EMIS STACK The EMIS stack includes all the devices, data services and applications that meet the needs of the user. The stack has many different components depending on the EMIS implementation: Integration components are responsible for managing communication between the scope and the historian component. It could include hardware and software, including drivers for protocol translation. The historian components stores time series data and associated metadata in one or more database, providing those data on request to applications. Applications consist of all high-level analysis and visualization tools that rely on collected data. Supervisory control supports applications that can affect the operation of building devices in an automated or semi-automated manner. 14

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

The installation, programming and setup tasks that were specified during the planning and procurement phases will be carried out by the team during EMIS implementation. The majority of the deployment activities will be carried out by vendors, but agencies must be involved if they are to maximize the benefits of the EMIS deployment. Agencies are the building authorities; deployment will proceed more smoothly if they participate and take ownership of the execution of their EMIS plan and the security of the system. This procedure involves more than just setting up the hardware and software; the EMIS also needs to be commissioned and the team is taught to use it in accordance with their assigned tasks and responsibilities.

INSTALLATION 1. Preparing Systems for Integration: System integrators may need to modify naming conventions modify data points from a closed to an open protocol or set up historian trends. 2. System Integration: A communication gateway or API connection will be established between EMIS and each system to allow the exchange of data. 3. Data Modelling: Accomplished through semantic modelling. 4. Customization Include graphical user interfaces, dashboards, visuals and reports that can vary depending on which stakeholder is signed in. 5. Training: The final step of EMIS deployment is to train all team members to perform their roles and ensure those staff are part of the EMIS energy team. The vendor and/or service provider should fulfill the specified training requirements and document the materials needed for training.

15

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

PROS EMIS Capabilities: The outputs of the EMIS that provide value to users. Core capabilities are as follows: 1. Centralize, normalize, and visualize data Automatically bring data streams together from different sources into a common database to allow for visualization of key performance indicators 2. Utility bill management: Track, understand, and process data from utility bills 3. Interval meter analytics: Analyze meter data at intervals of one hour or less 4. Measurement and verification Quantify and verify the energy savings performance of individual energy conservation measures or efficiency projects 5. Automated fault detection and diagnostics Automatically detect equipment-level or system-level faults and diagnose their causes. 6. Supervisory control Perform automated changes to underlying building systems for optimization 7. Operations and maintenance optimization Integrate the above capabilities with operations and maintenance processes to increase efficiency.

16

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

CHALLENGES 1. Market Complexity The breadth and rapid change of the EMIS marketplace makes it difficult to understand current product offerings due to product rebranding, company acquisitions, and vague value propositions. This makes it difficult to identify exactly what capabilities potential tools offer, what infrastructure requirements are needed for deployment, and what factors differentiate each solution (Guild, Koeppel, and Hilger 2012). 2. Lack of Information The success of EMIS software deployment depends on the accuracy of data being communicated. Many facilities lack the documentation needed to achieve quality data and provide the context for how the building and systems are put together. 3. Change Management EMIS processes can represent a change in the status quo for many building operations professionals. Facility staff members can be skeptical of adding more to their workload, as they are busy reacting to a full schedule of existing priorities. 5. Operational Technology/Information Technology Integration Building systems typically reside on OT networks that are physically or virtually isolated from IT networks. OT and IT staff are often similarly siloed. Since EMIS implementations often require the use of both networks, there can be significant coordination to allow proper communication while maintaining cybersecurity. 3. Viability for Small Buildings Deploying EMIS has a minimum cost for a building of any size, which can make the return on the EMIS investment less attractive for small buildings or projects. 17

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

APPLICATION A mechanical transportation system known as an elevator, also known as a lift, is used primarily to transfer people and/or products vertically from one floor to another within a multi-story building. Elevator that is frequently associated with high buildings that uses a spinning motor and a shaft to move vertically up or down between floors. Various classifications of elevators, such as fire, passenger lift, cargo lift, services lift, and many others, are dependent on the functions they perform. Elevators with hydraulic and electric motors are commonly used. To achieve the best performance for the proposed building, which includes little waiting time, smooth movement, and comfortable acceleration without creating a loud noise and also user-friendly, the elevators must be carefully chosen before construction and installation. The elevators need to be carefully considered prior construction and installation in order to perform at the ideal for the proposed building, which includes minimal waiting time, smooth movement, comfortable acceleration without making loud noises, as well as user satisfaction and comfort.

We recommended installing an elevator, a Model Oug Series ON1 by Hitachi Group Company, for this proposed project of a seven-story office building. There are two (2) distinct categories in this system: passenger elevators and goods elevators. A machine room is needed above the elevator shaft to house all of the necessary components, including the elevator machine, pits, tracks, cables, hoist way, counterweight, and control equipment. Electric elevators, often referred to as traction elevators, function with the aid of an electric motor. The electric elevator model OUG Series ON1 will also be equipped with cutting-edge technologies including LED lighting, an automatic rescue system in case of power outages, and a door signal with a multi-beam door sensor. It is a means of enhancing passenger safety and lowering energy use. This elevator also features a luxurious design, which may give it a very distinctive and attractive appearance. By exhibiting the current and contemporary aesthetic, this design will raise the office's visual worth. Because the elevator can hold 14 people at once and moves at a speed of 2.0 m/120 s, its capacity is 1050 kg. 18

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

THE INSTALLATION PROCESS

Identification of the site's prerequisites is crucial to ensuring a secure and efficient installation. All of the works may be finished on time and without any complications. 1. Make sure the lift shaft has been dry-cleaned and painted before starting the installation procedure. 2. Provide a power source that can be either three phases or one phase. 3. Keep the entrance to the shaft free of obstructions and allow storage space on the ground floor near the shaft. 4. The engineer's layout drawings are used to design the shaft opening and recesses. 5. Install all necessary parts, including ventilation tubes and lifting hooks.

19

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

BENEFITS 1.Safety & Emergency Door signal with multi-beam door sensor The door signal flashes to notify passengers when the door is starting to close The multi-beam door sensor is backed by a door signal that notifies passengers when the door is going to close. The LED on the edge of the door starts to blink about one second before the door starts to close. If the door close button in the elevator car is pressed, the LED starts blinking at the same time as the door starts to close.

Automatic rescue device for power failure In a power failure, the elevator switches to battery operation, and moves to the nearest floor. When a power failure is detected, the drive power supply switches over to battery power, and the elevator automatically moves to the nearest floor and releases the passengers for safety. This lessens the worry of being shut in the elevator by a power outage in a building with no private generator equipment.

2. Energy Efficient LED Lighting Compared to fluorescent lighting, LED lighting reduces energy

consumption

by

approximately

1/4,

and

increases service life three times.

Automatic turn off of car lighting and fan When the elevator is idle, the lighting and ventilation fan in the elevator are automatically turned off to conserve energy. Energy consumption is reduced by adopting LED lighting for the ceiling and shortening the time until the lighting turns off. 20

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

PROBLEMS

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

1. Sheave Regrooving Problems Sheaves that are old and cracked exert more strain on the ropes, which increases the amount of wear on the sheaves. Eventually, both of the important parts deteriorate and the elevator malfunctions.

2. Power Failure Elevators frequently experience this problem since they demand a lot of electricity from the utility networks of commercial buildings, and variations in voltage can affect motor operation or even harm the elevator system. A power quality survey should be carried out, especially with older or motor failure-prone individuals.

3. Failure of the bearings More than half motor failures are caused due to bearing malfunction. Variable frequency drives are effective in reducing the energy of the motor whereas noisy bearings frequently generate vibrations inside the motor. They employ the common mode of current. This is a fatal byproduct and increases these vibrations to dangerous levels through untimely bearing wear attributed to stray current.

21

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

THE CONNECTIONS & POSITION OF ELAVATORS

21

Cabin/ Car This is the main part of Elevator which is designed for enclosed transport of passengers & goods.

Cable (Rope) it is used to support the car (passing over the drive sheave to the counterweight) & pull the car. Usually number of lays depends on load & speed. 22

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

Elevator Machine All traction elevator equipment types utilise a traction machine. A motor, drive sheave, brake, and machine bed plate are the components of a typical traction machine. To turn the drive sheave, the traction machine motor rotates the drive sheave shaft. The car is pulled through the hoist way by the hoist ropes as the driving sheave is passed over.

Controller An Elevator controller is a system to control the elevators, either manual or automatic. Only the motor requires a 3-phase power supply; the controller often tunes down the voltage to the controlling system to a range of 12 to 24 volts. The controlling element and the fixtures used to control the elevator are powered by a low voltage power supply.

Drive unit Everything that works under electricity must have a motor attached for the functioning & driven by VVVF drives.

The counter weight In actuality, elevator operation differs slightly from that of straightforward hoists. A large counterweight that is roughly the same weight as the elevator car when it is loaded 40%–50%, or the weight of the car plus 40%–50% of the maximum weight it can support, serves as the elevator's balancer. The counterweight moves up and down with the elevator, which benefits us in three ways: The counterweight makes it easier for the motor to raise and lower the car The counterweight reduces the amount of energy the motor needs to use. The counterweight reduces the amount of braking the elevator needs to use.

Hoistway the space where one or more elevators, dumbwaiters, or material lifts can pass through and is surrounded by fireproof walls and elevator doors. It includes the pit and ends at the floor or grating of the upper machinery space or, if the hoistway does not penetrate the roof, at the underside of the roof.

23

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

Guide Rails Installed vertically in a hoistway, steel T-shaped or formed pieces with guiding surfaces guide and steer the movement of an elevator car and elevator counterweights.

Buffers At the bottom of the elevator is a device called the buffer that is there to keep people safe. Buffers can stop a car from falling by storing or releasing the car's kinetic energy.

Speed governors The majority of elevators contain a governor, which is a flywheel with mechanical arms built inside it, to control speed. When the lift moves too quickly, the arms fly outward, pressing a lever mechanism that trips one or more brake systems. Normally, the arms are restrained inside the flywheel by springs.

The safety brake If the cable snaps, a variety of safety systems prevent an elevator car from crashing to the floor. Each car ran between two vertical guide rails with sturdy metal teeth embedded all the way up them. At the top of each car, there was a spring-loaded mechanism with hooks attached. If the cable broke, the hooks sprung outward and jammed into the metal teeth in the guide rails, locking the car safely in position.

Doors Elevator doors serve the same entry and exit purposes as regular doors. Both manual and automatic elevator doors are available. Manual doors: A person who want to enter an elevator must assist in opening these sorts of doors. Automatic doors: Automatic doors are the kind of doors that open automatically because a door operator powers them. They often contain a full-height photoelectric curtain to detect human entry and exit.

24

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

ACTS AND REGULATIONS

Laws and regulations that govern the use and operation of lifts and escalators are as follows: Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) Sections 15 and 18 of OSHA stipulate the duties and responsibilities of the owner for building management) to ensure fixtures such as lifts and escalators are safe for use. Sections 20 and 21 of OSHA stipulate the general duties of the designers, manufacturers, suppliers such as competent firms to ensure factures such as lifts and escalators are safe for use. NADOPOD Regulations 2004 stipulate the requirement of reporting any accident involving lifts and escalators to DOSH. Others legislative aspects Fire Services Act 1988 (Act 341) Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 - Uniform Building By-laws 1984 Electricity Supply Act 1990 (Act 447) - Electricity Regulations 1994; Building and Common Property Maintenance and Management) Act 2007 (Act 663)

According to DOSH, the owner responsibility to ensure that the lifts and escalators are safe and functional and not limited to: Lifts Smooth operation of lift doors Proper function of the car door reopening device such as safety edge, photocell and multibeam sensor Proper function of emergency devices in the lift car such as intercom, emergency light, alarm bell, car lighting and ventilation fan Proper function of all buttons and indicators Good levelling Sufficient safety signage.

25

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

Every building must meet several basic requirements and one of them is security. Nowadays, every business owner faces security risks. Security is critical to the success of any business, which is why many businesses are investing more resources in business security systems. A secure building will decrease the chance of security threats occurring. By having a security system in place, we can avoid common threats such as robbery and damage to our building office. Besides, by having a secure building, we are also protecting our staff. In addition, by implementing a building security system we could avoid any breaches in ICT. For our smart office building, we intend to use access control systems as our building security systems.

26

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

An access control system is an electronic system that is designed to control and authorize a person's entry into the building and specific areas within the building, barring unauthorized visitors while not impeding the flow of those who are authorized, thereby providing complete protection, and ensuring security with the system. This system enables multiple layers of security and provides more detailed information to building owners and managers of facilities. This system is essential to prevent unauthorized access to a site which will helps protect staff, property, and assets from damage or theft. In addition, it also acts as a safety measure, preventing people from going near a potentially dangerous area or equipment. The access control system typically includes locked gates, doors or barriers which can be opened using identity authentication methods such as radio frequency identification (RFID) access cards, pin codes, smartphones, biometrics such as fingerprint and facial recognition. This technology can also provide data to track how a building is being used, such as frequency and time-usage trends. Each access point can be controlled individually based on the needs of the company where high security is necessary. Network security is also important, especially in a company that handles sensitive data. They replace mechanical keys as the main way to control access to and within a building. Access can be tailored to each individual and modified or revoked at any time. The access control system will also provide an audit trail of "who, when, where" for anyone in the access control system. Mechanical keys do not provide an audit trail or security of the key itself. Keys may be copied easily, whereas access control systems are designed for easy modifications, especially lost or missing cards

27

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

INSTALLATION

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

STEP 1: DESIGN & PLANNING A proper design and plan are created before starting a project so that installation errors or unexpected cost overruns do not occur (Chamberlin, 2022)

STEP 3: INSTALLATION HARDWARE There are a few critical stages to the installation that will ensure the system works flawlessly. a) Running the wires An initial site inspection helps professionals locate the potential devices and how to run the cables to the main controller and power board. Once the inspection is done, the work starts on running the cables from the rooms to the door controllers that control the whole operation. Competition 25%

b) Configuring system settings After everything has been physically set up and mounted, the system settings for all of the hardware must be configured. To configure the system, this work requires internet access.

STEP 2: ACCESS CONTROL PROCUREMENT Once a design is finalized, reviewed, and agreed upon, an agreement is made for the implementation of the access control system with the professional installer. This agreement may also include a preventive maintenance service agreement, which provides the building with priority service if and when the building has issues with its access control system.

STEP 4: INSPECTION & TESTING It is important to inspect and test the connectivity of each system and test the power flowing through the systems to ensure the proper functioning of the entire system.

STEP 5: ACCESS CONTROL ON BOARDING & TRAINING After the access control system is tested and implemented, all users will be trained on how to use their access credentials. Thus, avoiding operational challenges.

c) User authentication Once the device and system configuration are done, users’ information will be set to give access to certain locations in the facility based on their corporate role or set of rules as per the company’s security protocol and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive areas of the facility.

28

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

BENEFITS The most significant benefits of access control systems are: 1. Improve Security and minimize risk Helps to keep better track of who is coming and going to the building but it also provides in-depth details of who is always accessing individual rooms and locations, for significantly increased security. Security breach, an attempted hacking, or even a break-in, it is much easier to track logged reports of who has accessed what area of the building. Access control systems are incredibly helpful with any criminal investigations involving theft, burglary, and break-ins. 2. Increase ease of access for employees Employee can access all the areas they need to get their jobs done. With the scan of a key card or input of a PIN, the employee can get to wherever they need with ease. 3. Reduce cost Using a key card access control system is a more cost-effective solution than traditional keys in many ways. If someone loses a key card, it is much easier to replace a key card and reprogram the system than to change your building’s locks. Changing the locks is a painful and expensive process because every employee will need to be issued a new key. 4. Simplified Management Simplify the management process of handling employee credentials, entrance security, and tracking. Using access control systems provides the owner with the ability to track and monitor all entryway activity from one remote location. 5. Require Specific Credentials for Access Badges that indicate specific credentials can keep better track of who is provided access to what locations and spaces throughout the building.

29

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

CHALLENGES Access control systems, like any other technology, can have flaws. The flaws will result in a wide range of issues and decreased security. These are some of the common issues with access control systems (System, 2022). 1. Improper setup The business can run into a whole host of problems when an access control system isn’t set up properly. Analyzing the specific needs, making the right choices, and designing the best system for the building takes time and expertise. Plus, it should seamlessly integrate with other technologies available in the building. 2. Outdated system Outdated systems consist of ageing access control technologies that have existed for several years yet haven’t adapted to changes in the environment. As technologies are not up-to-date, outdated systems are vulnerable to security and data breaches. 3. Lack of management The absence of a person in charge of managing the access control system will have an impact on the system's overall convenience. The access control system manager is in charge of tracking visitors in the building, managing employee and vendor roles and levels of access, managing lost passwords/identities, managing data, and other responsibilities. 4. Productivity is affected Technical staff may be having difficulty developing fixes for the system and while they are working on the fix, other colleagues are held up while they wait. Thus, work productivity is affected. 5. Security & safety issues A dated system is likely to be much weaker and could open the door to crimes such as data theft or unauthorized entry leading to actual theft or even terrorism. In some industries, access control is particularly critical in ensuring workspace safety. If the system is not up to the job, it could lead to serious injury or even death.

30

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION

ACCESS CONTROL CONNECTIONS Each equipment of in the access control system is working through cloud-based technology. This makes the system very convenient. This system also works properly with other integrated systems such as video surveillance, and alarm system that notify local authorities in case of emergency.

SYSTEM PRINCIPLE When choosing an access control system, it is critical to understand the designs that are appropriate for the building to meet the objective and the unique layout of the building, but the owner must also understand how the local building and fire codes may impact the selected system. The access control system must abide by the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) regulation. These are the factors that need to be considered (Hartman, 2022). i) Fire safety protocol All businesses are required to have electromagnetic locks, also called maglocks, connected to the fire alarm system. These fail-safe devices allow doors to open in the event of an emergency, so if there is a fire or power outage, the doors automatically unlock to allow people to exit. Maglock requirements are critical when choosing and installing an access control system. For example, if you have a turnstile system as part of your access control, activation of the fire alarm must unlock turnstiles for people to exit. The same rule applies if the sprinkler system is activated. ii) Cabling requirements All cabling must meet the requirements of the local standard. This is important to prevent problems such as short circuits.

31

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

CONCLUSION A smart building involves the installation and use of advanced and integrated building technology systems. We proposed our smart building of 7-story-office deployed building technology systems such as fire protection systems, HVAC systems, electrical systems, mechanical handling systems, and special service installations. We recognize that smart buildings reflect the technological advancements and convergence of building systems, the common elements of the systems, and the additional functionality that integrated systems provide. Smart buildings are also a critical component regarding energy usage and sustainability of the building. The building automation systems such as HVAC and Energy Management and Information System (EMIS) play a major role in determining the operational energy efficiency of a building. Lastly, the driving forces for smart buildings are economics, energy, and technology. Smart buildings make use of both established and cutting-edge technologies and mainstream information technology infrastructure. For developers and owners, smart building increases the value of a property. For property and facility managers, smart buildings provide more effective subsystems and more efficient management options. For architects, engineers, and construction contractors, it means combining portions of the design and construction with the resulting savings and efficiencies in project management and project scheduling. Therefore, incorporating these technologies and system provide immense benefit for all the parties.

32

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

REFERENCES Dey, A. K. (2022). HVAC Systems: Meaning, Objectives, Components, Types, Selection

(With

PDF).

Retrieved

from

What

is

Piping:

https://whatispiping.com/heating-ventilation-air-conditioning-hvac/ HVAC basics: What is HVAC and what does HVAC stand for? (2022). Retrieved from PETRO Home Services: https://www.petro.com/resource-center/what-is hvac#:~:text=Defined%3A%20HVAC%20stands%20for%20Heating,both%20reside ntial%20and%20commercial%20buildings. Seyam, S. (2018). Types of HVAC Systems. Retrieved from IntechOpen: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/62059 Building Access Control Optimized for Your Organization. (2022, 6 20). Retrieved from Stanley Security: https://www.stanleysecurity.com/solutions/access-control Chamberlin, R. (2022, Feb 17). Installing access control systems – A step by step guide.

Retrieved

from

Security

101:

https://www.security101.com/sanfrancisco/blog/installing-access-control-system Hartman, K. (2022, 6 18). How Building Codes Impact Access Control System Selection

and

Installation.

Retrieved

from

Surveillance

Secure:

https://surveillancesecure.com/how-building-codes-impact-access-controlsystem-selection-and-installation/ System, P. C. (2022). Common Issues with Access Control Systems. Retrieved from PTR

Control

System

LLC:

https://www.ptraccess.com/common-issues-with-

access-control-systems/ Rasyid, M. & Enda, Depandi & Astika, Ferry. (2019). Smart Home System for Fire Detection

Monitoring

Based

10.1109/ELECSYM.2019.8901528.

on

Wireless

Sensor

Network.

Retrieved

189-194. from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337528041_Smart_Home_System_fo r_Fire_Detection_Monitoring_Based_on_Wireless_Sensor_Network

33

SMART OFFICE BUILDING

REFERENCES Jefferey B. Murrell, Jay Wrobel, Jesse Dean. (2021). Energy Management Information Systems Technical Resources Report. Retrieved from: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-09/emis-technicalresources.pdf Tutorial Point. (n.d). What are most common elevator-related issues that employees face in office buildings? Retrieved from tutorial point: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-are-most-common-elevator-relatedissues-that-employees-face-in-office-buildings# HITACHI GROUP. (n.d). MACHINE ROOM-LESS ELAVATOR. Retrieved from Hitachi: http://www.hitachi-elevator.co.th/pdf/Hitachi-Lift-OUG-ON1.pdf Mechanical / electrical equipment for buildings: Vertical Transportation Passenger Elevators (Part 1). (n.d). Retrieve from Industrial Electronic: https://www.industrial-electronics.com/engineering-industrial/mechelec_31a.html Department of Occupational Safety and Health Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia. (2010). Guidelines on the safe use of lifts and escalator. Retrieved from DOSH: https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/legislation/guidelines/industrialsafety/1848-02-guidelines-on-the-safe-use-of-lifts-and-escalators-2010/file Eros Elevators. (2018). Key Elevator Components. Retrieved from Eros Elevators:https://www.eroselevators.com/elevators-component.php

34